Mastering the Art of Argument
This lesson introduces Year 8 students to the formal elements of argumentative writing. It focuses on the AFOREST mnemonic, the use of emotive language, and the structure of a persuasive argument, culminating in the drafting of a targeted persuasive paragraph.
Learning objectives
- Identify and define rhetorical devices using the AFOREST mnemonic.
- Explain how specific language choices influence a reader's perspective.
- Construct a persuasive paragraph using a range of rhetorical techniques and a counter-argument.
Lesson plan (60 minutes)
Introduction · 5 min
Do Now: Students list as many ways as they can think of to persuade someone to buy a product. Discuss as a class.
Teaching · 15 min
Direct Instruction: Introduce the AFOREST mnemonic and the concept of 'Ethos, Pathos, and Logos'. Walk through the explainer and vocabulary.
Guided Practice · 10 min
Guided Practice: Work through the 'Worked Example' together. Identify specific techniques in a short paragraph provided by the teacher.
Independent Application · 20 min
Independent Work: Students complete their differentiated worksheets (Support, Core, or Stretch) based on their current progress.
Review and Assessment · 10 min
Plenary: Multiple-choice quiz to check for understanding and summary of key takeaways.
Key vocabulary
- AFOREST
- A mnemonic for: Alliteration, Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical Questions, Emotive Language, Statistics, Triplets.
- Rhetorical Question
- A question asked to make a point rather than to get an answer.
- Emotive Language
- Words chosen specifically to make the reader feel a strong emotion.
- Anecdote
- A short, personal story used to make a point more relatable.
- Triplet
- The 'Rule of Three'; three related words or phrases used together for impact.
Core worksheet (first questions)
- List all the techniques in the AFOREST mnemonic.
- Explain why a writer might use 'Emotive Language'.
- Write a fake 'Statistic' you could use to argue for more PE lessons.
- How does 'Direct Address' (using 'you') affect the reader?
Quiz (sample)
1. What does the AFOREST mnemonic stand for?
- A. Alliteration, Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical Questions, Emotive Language, Statistics, Triplets
- B. Adjectives, Figures, Opinions, Rhyme, Evidence, Similes, Tone
- C. Arguments, Feelings, Observations, Reasons, Examples, Stories, Talk
- D. Always Find Other Reasons Every Single Time
2. What is a rhetorical question?
- A. A question that has no answer
- B. A question that requires a scientific response
- C. A question asked for effect rather than an answer
- D. A question that only the teacher knows the answer to
3. What is the purpose of emotive language in an argument?
- A. To make the reader laugh.
- B. To explain how a character feels.
- C. To make the reader feel a specific emotion to sway their opinion.
- D. To provide factual evidence.
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Support and Stretch worksheets, every answer and model answer, the teaching explainer and common misconceptions, editable and ready to print as PDF or Word.
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