Introduction to Simple Algebra
This lesson introduces Year 6 pupils to the basics of algebra. It moves from using shapes or boxes for unknowns to using letters (variables). Pupils will learn to solve one-step equations and evaluate simple expressions by substitution, ensuring they have a solid foundation for KS3 mathematics.
Learning objectives
- Understand that a letter can represent an unknown number in an expression or equation.
- Solve simple one-step equations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
- Use simple formulae expressed in words or algebraic notation.
- Find pairs of numbers that satisfy an equation with two unknowns.
Lesson plan (60 minutes)
Starter · 10 min
Introduction to algebra as a 'missing number' puzzle. Quick-fire mental maths using boxes for unknowns.
Main Teaching · 15 min
Teacher explanation using the 'Explainer Script' and 'Worked Example'. Focus on the concept of variables and balance.
Independent Practice · 20 min
Differentiated worksheet practice (Support, Core, or Stretch). Teacher circulates to address misconceptions.
Assessment · 10 min
8-question multiple-choice quiz to check understanding.
Plenary · 5 min
Reviewing the quiz and summarizing the 'Golden Rule' of algebra (keeping it balanced).
Key vocabulary
- Variable
- A letter used to represent a value that can change or is unknown.
- Equation
- A mathematical statement showing that two expressions are equal (contains an = sign).
- Expression
- A group of numbers, symbols, and variables that show the value of something (no = sign).
- Substitution
- Replacing a letter with a number to work out the value of an expression.
- Inverse
- The opposite operation (e.g., subtraction is the inverse of addition).
Core worksheet (first questions)
- If a = 12, what is a - 3?
- If b = 15, what is b - 8?
- If c = 20, what is c ÷ 5?
- If d = 4, what is 3d?
Quiz (sample)
1. Which equation represents: 'A number x plus 5 equals 12'?
- A. x + 5 = 12
- B. x - 5 = 12
- C. 5x = 12
- D. x / 5 = 12
2. If a = 10, what is the value of a + 5?
- A. 5
- B. 15
- C. 50
- D. 105
3. Solve for x: x - 4 = 4
- A. 12
- B. 10
- C. 8
- D. 4
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